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Insights · Failure Modes

Insights

What failed, how it failed, and what the evidence looked like. Each note is drawn from forensic investigation experience and generalized so that no client or matter can be identified.

Jay Prigmore II, Ph.D., P.E., Principal Engineer, PEFG

By Jay Prigmore II, Ph.D., P.E. Published · Prepared and reviewed by a licensed Professional Engineer

01

Why Standby Generators Start and Then Trip: Reversed CT Polarity and Reactive Power Sharing

Paralleled standby generators that start on a utility outage and then trip on loss of excitation: reversed CT polarity and mismatched voltage regulator settings.

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02

A Missing Jumper and Three Outages: When Zone-Selective Interlocking Is Left Enabled

Repeated critical-bus outages traced to zone-selective interlocking left enabled on breaker trip units because a self-restraint jumper was never installed.

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03

PV String Fuses That Open at Half Their Rating: What the Fuse Ribbon Tells You

Nuisance operation of PV combiner box string fuses at normal load current: reading the fuse ribbon, temperature-rise testing, and NEC 690.8 sizing.

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04

Fire in the Excitation Cabinet: Aluminum-to-Copper Bus Joints in a Coastal Plant

How a corroded aluminum-to-copper bolted bus joint became a high-resistance connection, overheated, and ignited its boot inside a generator excitation cabinet.

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05

The Fault the Generator Breaker Cannot See: Line-Side Faults and Generator Decrement

Why a generator's main breaker cannot protect against a fault on its own line side, and why generator fault current may never reach the breaker's trip settings.

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06

Power Quality Complaints: Is It the Utility or the Load?

Answering a power quality complaint with measurements that hold up: Class A metering at the PCC, baseline and seasonal tests, and percentile compliance.

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